活性炭废水处理的五大影响因素
发布时间:
2022-10-31 10:15
由于活性炭水处理所涉及的吸附过程和作用原理较为复杂，因此影响因素也较多。主要与活性炭的性质、水中污染物的性质、活性炭处理的过程原理以及选择的运转参数与操作条件有关。
1.活性炭的性质用于水处理的活性炭应有三项要求：吸附容量大、吸附速度快、机械强度好。活性炭的吸附容量除其它外界条件外，主要与活性炭比表面有关；吸附速度主要与粒度及活性炭的孔分布有关，水处理用的活性炭要求过渡孔（半径20~1000埃）较为发达，有利于吸附质（水中污染物）向微细孔中扩散。活性炭的粒度越小吸附速度越快，但水头损失要变大，一般在8-30目范围较宜。活性炭的机械耐磨强度，影响活性炭的使用寿命。
2.污染物的性质同一种活性炭对于不同污染物的吸附能力有很大差别。由于污染物在水中的溶解度、分子构造、极性和污染物的浓度不同，活性炭的吸附能力变化很大。
3.温度由于吸附过程是放热反应，在液相吸附时吸附热较小，用活性炭处理水时，温度对吸附的影响不显着。
4.多组分污染物共存的影响应用于吸附法处理水时，通常水中不是单一的污染物质，而是多组分污染物的混合物。在吸附时，它们之间可以共吸附，互相促进或互相干扰。一般情况下，多组分吸附时分别的吸附容量比单组分吸附时低。
5.吸附操作条件因为活性炭液相吸附时，外扩散（液膜扩散）速度对吸附有影响，所以吸附装置的型式、接触时间（通水速度）等对吸附效果都有影响。
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